Hypertext as a Medium for Writing Essay - 1926 Words

Hypertext as a Medium for Writing This paper will compare and analyze theoretical ideas found in Hamlet on the Holodeck by Janet H. Murry focusing on Chapter 10 â€Å"Hamlet on the Holodeck† as it relates to hypertext as a specific medium for writing, and Writing Space by Jay David Bolter focusing on Chapter 7 â€Å"Interactive Fiction† and chapter 8 â€Å"Critical Theory in a New Writing Space† and their emphasis on digital poetry and the increased role of the reader in the reading process. The information taken from these two works will then be compared to the interactive hypertext webpage entitled â€Å"Heading South† by Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) English graduate student, Cheryl Ball. In relation to hypertext, the role of the reader†¦show more content†¦Murray states, â€Å"We often assume that the stories told in one medium are intrinsically inferior to those told in another. But narrative beauty is independent of medium. The real literary hierarchy is not of medium but of meaning† (Murray 273 274). Murray concludes that no matter the medium of the story, it is a work of art and should not be thought of otherwise; that in either case, whether the medium be print or hypertext, the meaning of the story is still the same. Later in chapter 10 Murray states, The most ambitious promise of the new narrative medium is its potential for telling stories about whole systems. The format that most fully exploits the properties of digital environments is not the hypertext or the fighting game but the stimulation: the virtual world full of interrelated entities, a world we can enter, manipulate, and observe in process. But it [the computer] is first and foremost a representational medium, a means for modeling the world that adds its own potent properties to the traditional media it has assimilated so quickly. (280 284) In the fourth line when Murray states, â€Å"a world we can enter,† she is referring to â€Å"we† as the readers, which designates us not only as readers, but interactive readers. Any reader who aids in the outcome of a story, poem, or other form of writing is interactive; therefore, part of its outcome. Bolter’s analysis of digital poetry being an interactive medium encompasses previous assumptions thatShow MoreRelated The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pages The continuing emergence of innovative writing technologies allows people to express themselves and communicate in countless different ways from years past. With these new technologies comes a change in many of our learning and social traditions. The most important change is the metamorphosis taking place in the online literary world. The line between author and reader has become blurred as more and more technology-driven literature, like hypertext ficti on, has become interactive. The wholeRead MoreThe Internet and Digitalization Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesmight include hypertext links to other relevant articles, a clickable map of the particular geographic region, a historical timeline, a photo gallery, a slideshow, audio, video, or downloadable files (Kawamoto, 2003). Research shows that on many news websites, links are provided to invite users to participate, but actual user participation options are often limited (Rebillard Touboul, 2010). Hyperlinks are a form of hypertext, introduced by Ted Nelson (1987), who defined hypertext as non-sequentialRead MoreTechnological Er The Internet s Effect On The Human Brains Neural Pathways1566 Words   |  7 Pagesour brain† (Carr). Onward, Carr notes how hypertext was believed to improve critical thinking through being able to fluidly switch from one viewpoint to another. Furthermore, hypertext was also believed to allow readers to be able to connect on a more intellectual le vel and improve their wits. He follows this hypertext theory with a study he came across that was done by two Canadian scholars in 2001. This study focused on comprehension between hypertext versus normal text to reveal which is easierRead MoreReading On The Electronic Age1873 Words   |  8 PagesReading in The Electronic Age Hypertext provides information via a story enabling the reader to gain insight of the given data via text. Consequently, the reader’s reaction in wanting to use or not the hypertext will play a major role in the information portrayed in the story. â€Å"The Museum† written by Adam Kenney (2004) gives the reader an exact understanding of hyper mediated literature that is filled with hypertext. In this hyper mediated literature, the reader is allowed to visit a virtual museumRead More Hypertext and Literary Study Essay4897 Words   |  20 PagesHypertext and Literary Study Hypertextual fiction (hyperfiction) and other hypertext applications are making their way into the literature courses where, Professor Larry Friedlander says, â€Å"learning has basically meant the study of texts,† in the form of the â€Å"printed word† (257). And these newer works, inseparable from their contemporary technologies, offer the possibility of a very different type of literary study than the one most English majors experience in traditional literature coursesRead MoreIs the Internet a New Medium? Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesInternet as a medium has been a thoroughly discussed topic, especially in recent years with the rise of the World Wide Web. Analysis of relevant literature in the topic shows that the internet is not a new medium. This argument can be shown by looking more in depth into what defines a medium and what defines the internet. From that analysis by looking from a historical point of view the internet can be seen as an old medium which us es re-mediation to deliver content to users. The connection betweenRead More Online News and Print’s Future Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout. Researching, shopping, job searching, and more can all be done with a keyboard and a few clicks of a mouse. But this ease of use casts a shadow on the future of printed information. The Web’s instant knowledge has changed our reading and writing habits and has made print media seem old-fashioned. One of the first industries to lead the change was journalism. As the Web expanded in the mid 90’s, online editions of popular newspapers surfaced and opened a new field for seeing and telling theRead MoreThe Complex World of Search Engines Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagescontinues through, engine keeps a list of everything and organizes and displays the results to one in an ordered list, the order of which varies based on the Webmaster’s choice. The largest and most popular of all search engines, per the date of this writing, is Google. Google boasts having an average of more than â€Å"620 million daily visitors, 87.8 billion monthly worldwide searches,† and processing â€Å"over 20 petabytes of data daily† (Give Up Internet). Sergey Brin and Larry Page, whom is currently CEORead MoreIdeal Website889 Words   |  4 Pages HOW TO MAKE THE WEBSITE – A BEGINNERS GUIDE Building your own website is the dream of a lot of students, for some of them see it as an opportunity to boast off while others see it as the medium to showcase their skill. However, most of the students have no idea how to begin this. This question always seems to haunt them. In this blog, I have described the steps to follow in order to build the website. These are exactly the same steps which I followed 1) KIND OF WEBSITE Before you proceedRead MoreWeb Technology 1961 Words   |  8 PagesTCP/IP as his chosen network protocol and hypertext. Later joined by CERN engineer Robert Cailliau (Appendix a), Berners began to revise his ideas and started writing the code for his project. From early on, he decided that all programs involved with his project should have acronyms starting with HT for hypertext. This resulted in what we now know as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) used to link hypertext document over the internet, and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) a language for formatting

The Effects of Advertising on Teens - 1781 Words

The effects of 2 People see advertisements all around the globe that attempt to lure consumers to buy products. Advertisements are placed in newspapers, magazines, schools, and on billboards everywhere. According to marketing consultants Stan Rapp and Tom Collins, on a typical day, an average American sees over 5,000 advertisements a day (Gay, 1992). Many questions arise about these advertisements, such as Is advertising deceptive? Does it create or perpetuate stereotypes? Does it create conformity? Does it create insecurity in order to sell goods? Does it cause people to buy things that they really dont need?(Alexander Hanson, 1993, p. 240). Advertisers use specific methods to target teen consumers, but these methods are not always†¦show more content†¦For example, beer commercials often show a man after a hard days work enjoying an ice-cold beer to relax him. They also argue that ads give people the impression that products can give them talent. Take athletics, for exampl e. Nike ads are accused of implying that their shoes will give a consumer athletic ability. Michael Jordan is shown in a television commercial dunking a basketball, wearing a new style of Nike shoes. Consequently, kids are going to want the same pair to be like Mike (Wolf, 1998, n.p.). On the other hand, advertising agencies say that they just give the consumers up-to-date information. They show change in their ads because they know that is what consumers want and to fulfill the needs of the general public, change. Thus, persuasive strategies are considered techniques used by advertisers to get consumers to buy. Teenagers have become top consumers in todays society, so advertisers have focused on getting their business. According to Simmons Market Research Bureau of New York City, teens bought 25% of all movie tickets and 27% of all videos, totaling $6.6 billion. In 1998, teens spent $1.5 billion on jeans, almost twice as much as in 1990, and $3 billion on sneakers, almost four time s more than the amount spent in 1997 (Tulley, 1994). Another reason teens are being targeted is the fact that there are many more teens in America today than the past Generation X. The current number is even expected to grow in the next decade,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Advertising On Teens On The World Today1232 Words   |  5 PagesReibling (2006), Godbold Pfau (2000), Belstock, Connolly, Carpenter, Tucker (2008), Targeting teens. (1998) and What is the impact of advertising on teens? (n.d.). The research from these studies is extensive due to the long history of the influence of advertisements. Companies use advertisements to persuade and affect young persons worldviews and health behaviors. What is the impact of advertising on teens? (n.d.) explains the process that advertisers go through in order to make sure they grab aholdRead MoreAdvertising : Teens And Advertising1099 Words   |  5 Pagesword count: 102 TEENS AND ADVERTISING Abstract: companies have to sell their products. In order for them to, they have targeted a particular group of people which are teens. Advertisers know teens are very vulnerable, and want to be seen as â€Å"cool† and for these companies to sell their product, they (advertisers) paint this unrealistic image of a teenager, in their (teens) heads. They (advertisers) make teens believe that before they (teens) can be accepted into society, they (teens) have to be thisRead MoreThe Effect Of Explicit Sexualstimuli On The Brand Name Recall1412 Words   |  6 PagesWhile research found that explicit sexualstimuli does not adversely affect brand name recall among 18-to-26 year oldstudents, such stimuli was found to exert a negative effect on messagecomprehension among this population segment when there is a substantialvolume of information available for processing (Severn, Belch, and Belch,199 , pp. Do the advertisements that you have seen that includedmembers of the opposite sex ma ke you want to do anything in particular? Did the advertisements that includedRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertisements On Children1278 Words   |  6 PagesLipsey English IV 19 February 2015 The Negative Effects of Advertisements Advertisers seek viewers who will buy products based on the consumers’ need and desire to become perfect. Advertisers know how to push the right button to make people feel insecure and imperfect. They use this insecurity to make a profit. But what happens when a person is pushed too hard? Both genders and all nationalities are affected by advertisements. The negative effects of advertisements include low self-esteem, eatingRead MoreThe Affect of too much Advertising725 Words   |  3 PagesIf you think excessive advertising is harmless and affects no one, sadly, you are absolutely wrong. Advertising has many problems and negative effects on people and you are right to be annoyed by the waves of ads you are attacked by everyday. The problem I chose to explain is advertising targeting teens tweens, this affects people by draining them of money, priorities, and even their social obligations. However, you can solve this problem by educating yourself and being aware of all of th e marketingRead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On Teen And Young Undeveloped Brains1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe advertising business views teenagers in society as a viable market section, due to their immature understanding of the media and its dazzling impact on teen and young undeveloped brains. The media is progressively specializing in children and adolescents to captivate with advertisements. according to market research corporations, teenagers are vital to marketers because they can pay a considerable open income, spend family cash easily, and they are easily able to influence their families to spendRead MoreLasting Effect Of Marketing On Children Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesLasting Effect of Marketing to Children In the past few decades, fast food companies has invested heavily in advertising to children and young adults, in return they’ll become the future of consumers of the next generation prolong business profits. Children between the ages 8 to 12 years old are exposed highest to fast food media marketing and those years are critical stages of development as this forms their eating habits for adulthood. Fast food corporations are utilizing all sources of outletRead MoreTeenage Smokers and Advertisement Essays1085 Words   |  5 PagesMost smokers start in their teens and for that reason tobacco companies are determined to get them hooked. Many smokers drop the habit each year by either quitting or dying (How Tobacco Advertising Works, 2002). Tobacco companies rely on the constant inflow of new smokers to maintain profits and that is why advertisements especially target the younger generation. For every smoker that quits or dies they depend on new ones to take their place. Young people are perspective customers forRead MoreAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesFor Smoking Should Be Banned. Advertisements involving smoking should be prohibited. Kids and teens that are the most impressionable and easily influenced. Cigarette promotions make smoking appear harmless and cool and have led to many kids under the age of 18 to have smoked for years. The advertisements on quitting smoking and how bad they are for you may be effective for older viewers, however many teens and kids are drawn to cigarettes even more because adults are saying it is bad for you and itRead MoreThe Dark Side of Advertising1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dark Side of Advertising Woolworths, the Fresh Food People! Oh, what a feeling, Toyota! I’m lovin’ it! †¨These are the indestructible jingles that the world of advertising has managed to drum into our heads, over the course of time. Effective? Yes. Escapable? No. Teenagers in contemporary society are exposed to up to 3000 ads per day, meaning that we are constantly bombarded with advertisements from the minute we step outside our bedroom door. As promotional agencies increase their exposure

Leading and Managing People Motivation Guidance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing People Guidance. Answer: Introduction Good management tries to lead and manage people. Leading and managing people are one of the most significant puzzle pieces in a company. The organization cannot succeed without the contribution of its employees. According to the email received by the senior manager in the organization, the concepts like motivation, social responsibility, ethics, team-working, organisational change and ethics contribute to staff improvement. Leaders have the capability to inspire employees to foster a stimulating working environment that makes people thrived, valued and motivated. Managers are those people, who find the right way to accomplish the goals and objectives established by the organization (Kontoghiorghes 2016). The topic chosen for this report is motivation. It can be defined as the hypothetical construct as it guides peoples actions, needs and desires. Leading and managing is important as it provides guidance for the subordinates. Motivation creates confidence among people so that their role can be explained. Motivation helps in building morale towards work and winning trust. The task of leading and managing people is important as it helps the organization grow. It is a way for the leaders to bring the organization to a higher standard. Good people management is necessary as employees can be emotionally unstable. The role of a manager and leader is to overcome the pitfalls and maintain team stability (Stack 2013). This report presents an elaborate discussion on motivation based on the previous studies and literature. The advantages and disadvantages of motivation to a business, especially to the manager is determined. The importance of motivation and the ways in which it can make an organization successful are elaborated. The argument made by the manager in the email regarding having no right or wrong answers when related to leadership is also challenged. Discussion of Motivation Motivation can be defined as the way in which managers promote productivity among their employees. The job of a manager is to motivate employees to do their job in a consistent manner. The psychological factors, which stimulate the performance of people, are the desire for recognition, money, team work, success, job satisfaction, and others. The role of a leader is to stimulate interest in the organizational success. Motivation can help create psychological contract in the workplace. The concept may become increasingly complex (Jex and Britt 2014). Motivation As stated earlier, motivation provides us with the energy to pursue outcomes. Motivation is derived from a Latin word Move. Motivation started attracting researchers in the post-industrialized world. Motivation is a trigger stimulus that is equipped with some patterns of behaviour (Pinder 2015). Theories Maslows theory if requirements give the structure to develop motivational strategy for the organizations. It deals with the differing needs of human while arranging them in a hierarchy where satisfaction at one level leads to another. Maslow theory helps the employees in attaining self-actualization. It manifests after the physiological and other basic needs of the employees. However, the theory is opposed by other behaviourists stating that Maslow providess a uni-dimensional explanation as well as may not be suitable for all the employees (Taormina and Gao 2013). Herzbergs Motivation Hygiene Theory Herzberg employs motivational factors that influence the employees internally and externally that the theorist calls motivators and hygiene. The theory states that together the hygiene and motivators have a vital role to shape the motivation feature of employees (Kultalahti and Liisa Viitala 2014). Merits and Demerits Leading and managing people are crucial and motivation has certain merits and demerits: Motivation is advantageous as it convinces the requirements of individuals and groups. The individual joins an organization for fulfilling certain requirements. Motivation helps the manager to meet such requirements and fulfil those needs. Motivation promotes job satisfaction. When the needs of employees are satisfied, he is more likely to generate greater output. The managers are satisfied with their jobs that boost creative thinking and are challenging in character. The contribution of the individuals to output is the ensuing of two variables-his ability for work as well as his willingness for the work. If P is the performance, A is an ability and M motivation, then P = A X M. The performance is unequal to the figure of an ability and motivation of individual but rather to the invention of these two variables. Therefore, the level of performance is constantly increasing the amount of motivation. Proper motivation increases productivity (Perryer et al. 2016). Further, motivation enhances the learning procedure. Learning may not happen without motivation. If the employee has unwillingness to learn, he will not learn even if he is in a perfect capacity. Motivation promotes self-discipline. The employees are expected to respect and orderly behaviour with their superiors due to the panic of punishment. Motivation may raise regulation to the positive level. Motivation consists of dynamism. If the workers are motivated properly, energy is created that impacts the productivity level and profitability positively (Pandey 2014). The content theories of motivation conclude what motivates employees and workers at work. The theorists identify the needs of people and the ways in which it energizes behaviour. The theorist is concerned with the goal that people struggle to attain for maximum satisfaction. Therefore, it is analysed that motivation leads to higher staff retention- leading to reduced recruitment costs. The productivity levels are high with greater creativity and innovation (Olafsen et al. 2015). Intrinsic motivation drives success based on the inner goals as well as ambition. However, extrinsic motivation can be obtained from external sources that push performance. The total labour costs can be reduced if the employees have high level of intrinsic motivation. The managers can benefit from intrinsic motivation as they have to spend less time to motivate the employees intrinsically. Therefore, the managers shall have time to focus on important tasks and more productive task. The intrinsic motivation allows a small business for operating with fewer managers of the hierarchy level thereby reducing labour costs and keeping the company lean. The intrinsically motivated employees shall try to resolve problems by themselves rather than asking the managers for the assistance even for the smaller issues. Also, the employees who are motivated intrinsically shall not be guided by the supervisors for taking new projects (Nie et al. 2015). Additionally, intrinsically motivated employees are more creative than the rest. Therefore, the managers can develop their career and make it more valuable through strategic initiatives. The employees may be priceless to the small businesses for example software improvment, where the innovation can change the power framework. These employees can be invaluable to small businesses in industries such as software development, where innovation can change the power structure in the industry overnight (Cerasoli, Nicklin, and Ford 2014). Extrinsic motivation in organization can permit a great degree of control over the operational procedures. The employees who are motivated extrinsically require close supervision to enhance performance. Therefore, the managers can keep a close watch as well as guide the employees at work. The supervision may be unbearable to various employees whereas the other employees may thrive in constant guidance and encouragement from their seniors (Benedetti et al. 2015). The extrinsic motivation is offered as the financial incentives to a certain extent encouragement. The incentives can increase all motivation of employees that makes them break personal performance records. The new levels of the efficiency can be reached as the personal performance records can be broken (Dysvik and Kuvaas 2013). However, intrinsic motivation may be disadvantageous. Intrinsic motivation can make the employees lose track of space and time. There is not enough time for the managers to perform or learn essential tasks while learning. Job satisfaction is a weakness for the employees as the employees may damage the presentation of the entire team in the association. Also, it is difficult for the managers to attain short-term goals such as intrinsic rewards get a longer phase of time. Further, the research states that extrinsic rewards are offered to a person to perform task that may decrease the level of intrinsic motivation. The personal wish of the employees shall decrease and cause low satisfaction. Additionally, it shall build up stress if the manager relies much on extrinsic rewards. Financial incentives are introduced to the agents for contributing to a socially attractive outcome that tends to reduce the number of contribution (Gerhart and Fang 2015). Workplace flexibility adds to motivation of employees. The millennial are more interested in the work life balance and working conditions. The balance of work life can be defined as the condition of equilibrium, which is achieved in between the working priorities as well as lifestyle. The workers should enjoy their individual time outside the business surroundings. Flexibility is important as the employees might take lower salary but good flexibility shall motivate them. Flexibility can be considered as a reward. Flexible working would not be a motivator for every person. Some people may have to work longer days to get a bit of spare time when they can relax. However, it is becoming a deliberation for many companies, especially as more workers argue about the non-flexible working might be a deal-breaker. According to the managers view, there are no right or wrong answers for leading the people. This notion can be challenged as motivation works the best when implemented appropriately in the workplace. Motivation and achievement are directly related with each other. Achievement in the workplace deals with sense of accomplishment and pride. The managers who notice a decrease in performance level need to take proactive steps for enhancing motivation and employee morale. One of the strategies for better motivation of employees is employee recognition. Managers need to thank their employees only to avoid the decline in motivation. Managers do not need to purchase extravagant gifts as a way to motivate employees. The managers may thank the employee with a e gesture as it can motivate the employees as well as make them feel valuable. Employee recognition may be considered the most successful tool when employees earn fair wage. Further, the employers that emphasize on the quality of life moti vate employees towards high level of productivity. The employees are concerned about balancing their work and personal life that can diminish their morale and performance. The employers may put into practice flexible schedules giving them the capacity to promote their quality of life. Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusively, psychological contract and flexibility leads to motivation. According to the email received by the senior manager in the organization, the concepts for excample motivation, team-working, ethics, social responsibility, organisational change and ethics contribute to staff development. Motivation creates confidence among people so that their role can be explained. The psychological factors that stimulate the behaviour of people are needs for money, recognition, success, team work, job satisfaction, and others. Motivation started attracting researchers in the post-industrialized world. It deals with the differing needs of human while arranging them in a hierarchy where satisfaction at one level leads to another. The theory states that both the hygiene and motivators play a vital role in shaping the motivation factor of employees. Leading and managing people are crucial and motivation has certain merits and demerits. It is recommended to enhance motivational factors. When the needs of employees are satisfied, he is more likely to generate greater output. Learning does not take place without motivation. If the workers are motivated properly, energy is created that impacts the productivity level and profitability positively. The theorists identify the needs of people and the ways in which it energizes behaviour. The intrinsic motivation allows a small business for operating with less managers in hierarchy level thereby reducing labour costs and keeping the company lean. Also, the employees who are motivated intrinsically shall not be guided by the supervisors for taking new projects. The managers can develop their career and make it more valuable through strategic initiatives. The employees who are motivated extrinsically require close supervision to enhance performance. The incentives can increase all motivation of the employees that makes them break individual performance records. Job satisfactio n is a weakness for the employees as the employees may damage the performance of the entire team in the organization. The personal desire of the employees shall decrease and cause low satisfaction. References Benedetti, A.A., Diefendorff, J.M., Gabriel, A.S. and Chandler, M.M., 2015. The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation on well-being depend on time of day: The moderating effects of workday accumulation.Journal of Vocational Behavior,88, pp.38-46. Cerasoli, C.P., Nicklin, J.M. and Ford, M.T., 2014. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), p.980. Dysvik, A. and Kuvaas, B., 2013. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as predictors of work effort: The moderating role of achievement goals.British Journal of Social Psychology,52(3), pp.412-430. Gerhart, B. and Fang, M., 2015. Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), pp.489-521. Kontoghiorghes, C., 2016. Linking high performance organizational culture and talent management: satisfaction/motivation and organizational commitment as mediators.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,27(16), pp.1833-1853. Kultalahti, S. and Liisa Viitala, R., 2014. Sufficient challenges and a weekend aheadGeneration Y describing motivation at work.Journal of Organizational Change Management,27(4), pp.569-582. Nie, Y., Chua, B.L., Yeung, A.S., Ryan, R.M. and Chan, W.Y., 2015. The importance of autonomy support and the mediating role of work motivation for well?being: Testing self?determination theory in a Chinese work organisation.International Journal of Psychology,50(4), pp.245-255. Olafsen, A.H., Halvari, H., Forest, J. and Deci, E.L., 2015. Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 56(4), pp.447-457. Pandey, P., 2014. Employee motivation and retention-key to organisational performance-in Indian perspective.International Journal of Marketing and Technology,4(4), p.144. Perryer, C., Celestine, N.A., Scott-Ladd, B. and Leighton, C., 2016. Enhancing workplace motivation through gamification: Transferrable lessons from pedagogy.The International Journal of Management Education,14(3), pp.327-335. Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs.The American journal of psychology,126(2), pp.155-177.

Black People and Larger Racial Minorities free essay sample

Associate Program Material Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Answer the following questions in 100 to 250 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. * Throughout most of U. S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? White people have been the majority of the population. The common ancestral background of most of the members in this group are Europeans. * What are some of the larger racial minorities in U. S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group? Whites and blacks are a larger race in us. Europeans are the common ancestral background of whites and African American common ancestral background was from the west. The whites became a significant minority group in the 1600’s and blacks became a significant minority group in the 1800’s * In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. We will write a custom essay sample on Black People and Larger Racial Minorities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These laws were intended against which racial minorities? Laws have been enforcing discrimination by making sure that all races have the same opportunity at a job. This is the civil rights act and it was made so that blacks and other races could all have a fair chance at a job and could not be rejected because of their race. If a black person would try to get a job and not get hired but a white person goes in and has everything the same as the black person but gets hired the black person can take that company to court for discrimination. These laws where intended for all racial minorities so everyone has the same opportunity. * In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination? Allowing blacks and white to attend the same schools and allowing them to sit anywhere on a bus. Back years ago blacks had to sit in the back of the bus and if a white person needed a seat they had to give up theirs, as far as the schooling goes now black and whites can go to the same schools. I think the laws worked to eliminate discrimination because you do not see anyone making a black person move for a white person or having a school with only white kids. They laws have helped us become one country instead of 2 and everyone has a better look at each other now that we can combine races.

Ahmed Sékou Touré Biography

Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © Biography Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © (born January 9, 1922, died March 26, 1984)  was one of the foremost figures in the struggle for West African independence, the first President of Guinea, and a leading Pan-African. He was initially considered a moderate Islamic African leader  but became one of Africas most oppressive Big Men. Early Life Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©s was born in Faranah, central   Guinà ©e Franà §aise (French Guinea, now the Republic of Guinea), near the source of the River Niger. His parents were poor, uneducated peasant farmers, though he claimed to be a direct descendant of Samory Tourà © (aka Samori Ture), the regions 19th-century anti-colonialist military leader, who had been based in Faranah for a while. Tourà ©s family were Muslim, and he was initially educated at the Koranic School in Faranah, before transferring to a school in Kissidougou. In 1936 he moved on to a French technical college, the Ecole Georges Poiret, in Conakry, but was expelled after less than a year for initiating a food strike. Over the next few years, Sà ©kou Tourà © passed through a series of menial jobs, while attempting to complete his education through correspondence courses. His lack of formal education was an issue throughout his life, and his lack of qualifications left him suspicious of anyone who had attended tertiary education. Entering Politics In 1940 Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © obtained a post as a  clerk for the   Compagnie du Niger Franà §ais while also working to complete an examination course which would allow him to join the Post and Telecommunications Department (Postes, Tà ©là ©graphes et Tà ©là ©phones) of colonys French administration. In 1941 he joined the post office and started to take an interest in labor movements, encouraging his fellow workers to hold a successful two-month long strike (the first in French West Africa). In 1945 Sà ©kou Tourà © formed French Guineas first trade union, the Post and Telecommunications Workers Union, becoming its general-secretary the following year. He affiliated the postal workers union to the French labor federation, the Confà ©dà ©ration Gà ©nà ©rale du Travail (CGT, General Confederation of Labor) which was in turn affiliated to the French Communist party. He also set up French Gunieas first trade union center: the Federation of Workers Unions of Guinea. In 1946 Sà ©kou Tourà © attended a CGT congress in Paris, before moving to the Treasury Department, where he became the general-secretary of the Treasury Workers Union. In October that year, he attended a West African congress in Bamako, Mali, where he became one of the founding members of the Rassemblement Dà ©mocratique Africain (RDA, African Democratic Rally) along with Fà ©lix Houphouà «t-Boigny of Cà ´te dIvoire. The RDA was a Pan-Africanist party which looked towards independence for French colonies in West Africa. He founded the Parti Dà ©mocratique de Guinà ©e (PDG, Democratic Party of Guinea), the local affiliate of the RDA in Guinea. Trade Unions in West Africa Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © was dismissed from the treasury department for his political activities, and in 1947 was briefly sent to prison by the French colonial administration. He decided to devote his time to developing workers movements in Guinea and to campaign for independence. In 1948 he became the secretary-general of the CGT for French West Africa, and in 1952 Sà ©kou Tourà © became secretary-general of the PDG. In 1953 Sà ©kou Tourà © called a general strike which lasted for two months. The government capitulated. He campaigned during the strike for unity between ethnic groups, opposing the tribalism which the French authorities were promulgating, and was explicitly anti-colonial in his approach. Sà ©kou Tourà © was elected to the territorial assembly in 1953 but failed to win the election for the seat in the Assemblà ©e Constituante, the French National Assembly, after conspicuous vote-tampering by the French administration in Guinea. Two years later he became mayor of Conakry, Guineas capital. With such a high political profile, Sà ©kou Tourà © was finally elected as the Guinean delegate to the French National Assembly in 1956. Furthering his political credentials, Sà ©kou Tourà © led a break by Guineas trade unions from the CGT, and formed the Confà ©dà ©ration Gà ©nà ©rale du Travail Africaine (CGTA, General Confederation of African Labor). A renewed relationship between the leadership of the CGTA and CGT the following year led to the creation of the Union Gà ©nà ©rale des Travailleurs dAfrique Noire (UGTAN, General Union of Black African Laborers), a pan-African movement which became an important player in the struggle for West African independence. Independence and One-Party State The Democratic Party of Guinea won the plebiscite elections in 1958 and rejected membership in the proposed French Community.  Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © became the first president of the independent republic of Guinea on October 2, 1958. However, the state was a one-party socialist dictatorship with restrictions on human rights and suppression of political opposition.  Sà ©kou Tourà © promoted mostly his own Malinke ethnic group rather than maintaining his cross-ethnic nationalism ethic. He drove more than a million people into exile to escape his prison camps. An estimated 50,000 people were killed in concentration camps, including the notorious Camp Boiro Guard Barracks. Death and Legacy He died  March 26, 1984, in Cleveland, Ohio, where he had been sent for cardiac treatment after becoming ill in Saudi Arabia. A coup detat by the armed forces on April 5, 1984, installed a military junta that denounced  Sà ©kou Tourà © as a bloody and ruthless dictator. They released about 1,000 political prisoners and installed  Lansana Contà ©Ã‚  as president. The country was not to have a truly free and fair election until 2010, and politics remain troubled.

ROLES OF THE ARNP AND THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE BASE NURSING RESEARCH Paper

ROLES OF THE ARNP AND THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE BASE NURSING - Research Paper Example Their knowledge and expertise are critical in many areas of practice. They operate as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anaesthetist and certified nurse-midwife (Statements, 2013). Evidence-based nursing research is important as a tool for practice and professional development. It has been found to be important in assisting nursing care achieve the best quality and positive patients outcomes such as in a reduction of catheter-related urinary tract infections (Howie & Dutton, 2012). The use of research evidence in practice has also been associated to a reduction in healthcare costs as those practices that are found not to be beneficial to health care. Research evidence has also been associated through research to an increase in the healthcare provider empowerment and the feeling of confidence and autonomy on the side of the practitioner (Soong et al., 2013). Further, when this happens, the nurse practitioners are more satisfied in their work, there is less healthcare provider turnover. In addition, research-based practice increases the availability of knowledge and development of the nursing profession. This is important in reducing geographical variations in care delivery as the evidence can be replicated in multiple (Rincon, 2012). Soong, C., Daub, S., Lee, J., Majewski, C., Musing, E., Nord, P., †¦ Bell, C. M. (2013). Development of a checklist of safe discharge practices for hospital patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 8, 444–449. doi:10.1002/jhm.2032 Statements, P. (2013). Guidelines about the role of physician assistants and advanced practice registered nurses in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62, 442–3.

Intertextual examination of two texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intertextual examination of two texts - Essay Example Based on Bricklayer’s Boy, it is clear that the pressure put on the youths by their parents and the older generations damages the relationship between these two groups, often resulting in conflicts. In the Bricklayer’s Boy, one aspect brought out is that many young people, especially men, are required to do what their parents want them to do. This is often against the wish of the young people, and ends up straining their relationship with their parents and older generations. In this literally text, the narrator says that his father, a bricklayer, did not like his idea of becoming a newspaper reporter. According to his father, newspaper reporting paid â€Å"just a little more than construction does† (Lubrano, 5). He wanted to his son to pursue a more lucrative job like being a lawyer. This was the sole reason why his father worked so hard to educate him in college. This predicament, which most young people face, is also brought out in the article by Bruno Bettelheim (1968). In his article, Bettelheim notes that there is a conflict of generations because of â€Å"the parent who sees his child’s main task in life as the duty to execute his will or justify his existence† (Bettelheim, 74). When the child fails to honor or follow the parent’s wishes, as the narrator in Bricklayer’s Boy did, then the relationship between the parents and children is damaged. Bricklayer’s Boy story also points to the belief held by most parents: their children have to succeed where they failed. Throughout the story, the narrator’s father wanted his son to become a better person because he had failed to live up to his dreams. In the story, it is noted that the â€Å"father wanted to be a singer and actor when he was young...† (Lubrano, 20). However, he had to do what was available in order to support his parents at the time. In the end, he expected his son to do something that could earn him bigger money just as singing and acting would have earned him money. As the